Title: Kinship Terms External Scales Source: Rosenberg and Kim (1975) Description: Three external scales that can be derived from 15 kinship terms. The scales are: - Gender (1 = male, 2 = female, 9 = missing), - Generation (-2 = two back, -1 = one back, 0 = same generation, 1 = one ahead, 2 = two ahead,) - Degree (1 = first, 2 = second, etc.).